Critically evaluate the global enviromental governance of climate Essay

Critically evaluate the global enviromental governance of climate change - Essay Example With all these aspects evident in modern society, various stakeholders in the society have become increasingly involved in looking for the best ways to address global environmental threats. The global strategies that have been identified and used in addressing environmental threats constitute various approaches adopted and facilitated by communities, environmental groups, international businesses, and organizations (Speth and Haas, 2007). These global strategies constitute global environmental governance, which constitutes diverse efforts and strategies aimed at policy-making and government initiatives. The primary objective of such initiatives is to look and suggest for ways of preserving global environment while ensuring environmental sustainability (Speth and Haas, 2007). The performance of global environmental governance across the world varies, and the process has been characterised by numerous challenges, instances of success, and moments of failures. Therefore, it becomes impo rtant to evaluate the global environmental governance with the aim of identifying and suggesting strategies that can be used to improve the process. Global Environmental Governance Evidence is profound concerning the geometric increase in human population, while resources available remain constant or increase arithmetically. The net effect of this increasing imbalance in the world is the pressure exerted on the available resources and constant degradation of the environment. Human activities in modern world are characterised by increased degradation of the environment, including deforestation and reduction in vegetation to give way for infrastructural development, pollution of air and water resources, and destruction of natural fauna and flora habitats and water catchment sources. Increase in these problems has forced different stakeholders at the global level to come out and strongly advocate for proper resource management and adequate preservation of the environment through adopti on of diverse strategies at the global level (Harris, 2012). Global environmental governance has numerous definitions. For example, Speth and Haas (2007) regard global environmental governance to be the total sum of all different strategies that individuals, institutions, and other stakeholders initiate in order to manage the common affairs of environmental matters. In most cases, global environmental governance involves a collaborative cooperation between governments, NGOs, citizens’ movements, multinational corporations, global mass media, and global capital markets in undertaking management, preservation, and sustainability of the environment through rule and regulation enforcement and compliance (Winter, 2006). Similarly, Levy and Newell (2005) perceive global environmental governance to constitute a broad range of political, economic, and social structures and processes that largely shape and limit actors’ behavior towards the environment. In this manner, environm ental governance at global level can be seen to include different strateg

Influenza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Influenza - Essay Example The disease attacks the respiratory system, is spread by inhaling droplets and these droplets are spread when an infected, contagious person sneezes and/or contaminated hands and/or surfaces are touched and then the virus gains entry into the body. The disease has a 1-2 day incubation period and symptoms displayed can include the following: â€Å"†¦ malaise, myalgia †¦ fever lasting a few days and respiratory symptoms of varied intensity† (Kuszewski & Brydak, 2000, 188). Some of the complications that can develop from contracting the disease are myocardial infections or pneumonia (Kuszewski & Brydak, 2000, 189). Individuals with low immune systems, the young and the old, are particularly susceptible to the disease. Epidemiologically, an influenza outbreak occurs when there are higher than normal levels of infected persons, a low rate of mortality and very few complications. In a pandemic situation, the death rate is quite high and there are numerous complications and , sometimes, depending on the severity of the pandemic, there are short and long-term effects on an economy.The Centres for Disease Control define the social determinants of health as â€Å"†¦the circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, as well as the systems put in place to deal with illness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The CDC further notes that the above circumstances are strongly influenced by â€Å"†¦economics, social policies, and politics†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (CDC, 2014). In other words, the disease does not occur in isolation but is influenced by the manner in which individuals live.

Caring for People with Intellectual Disabilities

Caring for People with Intellectual Disabilities 2.2 Example of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Prematurity and low birth weight predict serious problems more often than any other conditions. Difficulties in the birth process such as temporary oxygen deprivation cause intellectual disability. Source: The Arc for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities . (n.d.). Retrieved from www.thearc.org/page.aspx?pid=2453. Main characteristics: The main characteristic of low birth baby is that they may have breathing problems. If the baby is born to soon there is a great chance that the baby’s lungs will be underdeveloped because of that they may have problems in receiving oxygen. The baby may also have trouble in maintaining a normal body temperature and they may become hypothermic( too cold) Example 2: Trauma: It occurs because of serious injury. We can say a serious shock to the body due to violence or accident. Source: AAIDD American Association on Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://aaidd.org/docs/default-source/events/harvey-trauma-8-15.pdf. Main characteristics: They may have difficulties in concentration due to painful memories or thoughts. They may face difficulty in sleep. Because of that they feel tired. 2.3 Give two examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day to day support needs of the person. Example 2: Meningitis: meningitis is the inflammation of the meninges, the covering of the brain and spinal cord. It is most of caused by infection but can also be produced by chemical irritation, subarachnoid, cancer and other conditions. Bacterial meningitis may result in brain damage, hearing loss, learning disabilities, behaviour changes, high fever, sensitivity to light and confusion. Source: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/meningitis/en/. Task 3: Describe condition frequently associated with the intellectual disability. Condition 1: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Cause: Foetal Alcohol Syndrome is growth, physical and mental problems. It mainly affects the baby when a mother consumes alcohol during her pregnancy. Source: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Bulletin of the World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/6/11-020611/en/. Physical support: provide them loving, nurturing and stable home life. However children with foetal alcohol syndrome have harmful relationship, therefore early diagnoses have more positive outcome.it also help the family members to understand the reaction and behaviour of the child. Assist them with daily living activities like showering, toileting, dressing and feeding. Provide them physiotherapy so they can make their muscle strong. Regular medical check-up is also helpful to maintain their health. Social support: As the children with foetal alcohol syndrome are very hyperactive. Behaviour management training is very useful for them. This will help them to learn about manners and how they can release their stress. they may have difficulty to interact with different people so provide them opportunities for friendship. Take them out and involve them into social activities. Cognitive support: Provide them education about good behaviour. Provide them planned and reasonable methods to education.so that they can improve their ability to think more effectively. Provide them educational opportunity like they can join some educational programme where they can learn new skills. Condition 2: Autism Causes: no study has found the exact cause of autism but the researchers has pointed out few possible factors which includes genetic (heredity), metabolic or neurological factors, infections and problems during birth. Source: World Health Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/features/qa/85/en/. Physical support: The person with autism may find difficulties in activities of daily living. They may find difficulties in showering, toileting, dressing, undressing and feeding. We can help them to do their personal care and in feeding. We can provide occupational therapy for them.it will help them to manage their stress and they can feel relax. We can also help them to set their routine. Social support: they may have difficulty to interact with different people so provide them opportunities for friendship. Take them out and involve them in different activities like social club or offer specific advice about interaction. Help them to learn social rules using logic like how they have to talk and behave with others, manners and body language. Cognitive support: we can provide them speech and language therapy it will help them to learn speech and language skills.so that they can speak clearly. Parent and family member can learn how to play and interact with their child in way that permote cognitive skill. We can provide them some mind games like bingo or quiz so that they can use their mind.it will help them to think logically. Condition 3: Prader – Willi Syndrome CAUSE: Prader – Willi Syndrome is caused by a gene missing on part of chromosome 15. Basically, parents release a copy of this chromosome. In most cases patients with prader – willi syndrome have missing the genetic material on part of the father chromosome. Other patients with this problem have two pairs of the mother’s chromosome 15. Source: Main characteristics: Children with Prader- willi syndrome may have poor muscle tone. They may feel floppy or rag dolls when they are held.Elbows and knees loosely extended due to poor muscles tone instead of stable. People with Prader willi syndrome may have different facial feature. They may have almond shaped eyes, a narrowing of the head at the temple and turned down mouth etc. Motor development often delays with this syndrome. They may have delay in sitting up and walking. they also have speech delay problem. Physical support: Children with prader willi syndrome are at higher risk of developing fatness or size due to excessive eating. The proper weight management can be helpful for them to maintain their weight. If they want to eat more and more distract their mind by giving them other activities like music, games. Set an exercise plan so that they can become strong. Social support: we can provide social support to the children/person with prader willi syndrome. We can take them out or take them in interesting places. Where they can engage with other people and can connect with them socially. We have to give them some activities that are not related to food so that they cannot concentrate only on food. Encourage them to join some support clubs. there are many clubs who support to the children with this syndrome. They help them to interact socially with people and help them to manage their diet. Cognitive support: provide them education. They might have speech problem and learning problems. Provide them a speech therapist so that they can learn some speech skills. Educate them about managing their own diet and how they can make a routine about their regular diet.

The Ambiguity of Shakespeares Ambiguous Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare H

Ambiguity of Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚   In Shakespeare’s dramatic tragedy Hamlet, the reader finds ambiguity of one type and another here and there throughout the play. The protagonist himself is an especially ambiguous character is his own rite.    Harold Bloom in the Introduction to Modern Critical Interpretations: Hamlet expounds on the ambiguity and mysterious conduct of the hero during the final act:    When Horatio responds that Claudius will hear shortly from, presumably that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have been executed, Hamlet rather ambiguously [my italics] makes what might be read as a final vow of revenge:    It will be short. The interim is mine. And a man’s life’s no more than to say â€Å"one.† (2)    The play begins with the changing of the sentinels on a guard platform of the castle of Elsinore in Denmark. Recently the spectral likeness of dead King Hamlet has appeared to the sentinels for no definite purpose. Tonight the ghost appears again, for no apparent reason, to Barnardo, Marcellus and Horatio, a very close friend of Hamlet. Horatio and Marcellus exit the ramparts of Elsinore intending to enlist the aid of Hamlet, who is home from school, dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). There is a social gathering of the court, where Claudius pays tribute to the memory of his deceased brother, the former king, and then, along with Queen Gertrude, conducts some items of business, for example dispatching Cornelius and Voltemand to Norway to settle the Fortinbras affair, addressing Polonius and Laertes on the subject of the latter’s return to school abroad.    Hamlet is present at the court gat... ...est Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: Univ. of Delaware P., 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar. N. p.: Pocket Books, 1958.      

Agricultural Revolution of the 10th Century

This paper will look at the Agrarian revolution that occurred in 10th century and the resulting effects on the political, social, cultural and economic conditions in Europe.Agricultural revolution in Europe was a period where there was witness of sustained changes in the way people carried out their farming activities. It had to do with increased output of products and general changes in the methods of carrying out agricultural activities on farmland.  10th century Europe fell under the â€Å"Middle ages, an era when agricultural methods of production were mostly peasantry in nature. Most of the populations during the 10th century Europe were serfs who were employed by other people to work on their farmlands† (Chris, par. 2).There was no clear sub-division of land and the main tool farming was the ox drawn plow and the system of farming was the two field system. This was a system of farming where one field was cultivated while leaving the other one fallow so as to reclaim th e soil’s nutrients. Population growth during these ages was very low. This can be attributed to the poor methods of farming which led to low yields hence food insecurity.Agricultural revolution came about with the systematic changes in the methods of production. One major indicator of the revolution was through the consolidation of common land that led to introduction of individual ownership of those properties.Thus rights of ownership were created through the abolition of the open field system of cultivation. The plow as the main tool of cultivation underwent redesigning, and also, the two-field crop rotation was changed to a three- field, and hence these served as contributors to the increased food production that occurred.The Agricultural revolution that occurred at this time brought great impacts to the socio-economic conditions of Europe as a whole. One impact was increase in population, mostly in the towns. Individual ownership of land led to many people selling off the ir lands.The consequences were that there was increase in the number of people without land, but who were working as laborers for the big landowners. Others migrated to towns and thus contributed to rapid population growth.Furthermore adoption of better methods of farming led to increased food production and hence surplus production. This surplus production was then traded for other goods that were lacking. This served as the beginning of exchange of goods and services and also development of trading systems.The agricultural revolution also served as the main cause of change from feudalism to capitalism. Introduction of wage labour whereby landlords entered agreements with workers served as the springboard on which market economy fundamentals were established and power over the land which was appropriated by those who controlled it.Developments that resulted from the agricultural revolutions in terms of new towns, migrations and changes in land ownership necessitated changes in the political and cultural system of the people.There were changes from â€Å"feudalism as the most dominant form of political organization to formation of the nation-state† (Adriaan, par. 4). Development of ideas of sovereignty led to establishment of monarchies in countries like France and England which were seen as the reflection of civilization.â€Å"Moreover changes in the cultural mentality of the people were witnessed with the spread of renaissance ideas, diffusion of old ideas and the rise of secular attitudes in art, education and politics.† (par. 6).ConclusionThe agricultural revolution was a crucial event as far as mankind is concerned.   Interactions over time throughout man’s history that have brought about inventions and development of man’s civilization cannot be said to be complete without reference to the Agrarian revolution.Works CitedAdriaan Verhulst. â€Å".Medieval Socio-economic Historiography in Western Europe: Towards an Integrated Approach.† Journal of Medieval History. June 1998. Mechelsesteenweg. Antwerp. Belgium. 12 Nov. 2008< http://www.sciencedirect.com/science>Chris, Butler. â€Å"The agricultural revolution in medieval Europe.† The Flow of History.2007:  12 Nov. 2008 < http://www.flowofhistory.com/units/west>

The Hurt Locker

â€Å"The Hurt Locker† , written by Mark Boal and directed by Kathryn Bigelow. Nominated and won for Best Picture, this award winning movie captured the attending of many film makers and audiences for boldly demoing the rough world of war and how a soldier trades with the horrors of war. â€Å"War is a drug† , a quotation mark that this film successfully reflects in its narrative and subject. The soldier associates war as some sort of drug that one must take to for maintain traveling in life. This movie emphasizes this through James, chief supporter of the narrative, who is a changeless danger to himself and to others around him. The movie is about an American ground forces bomb disposal unit in wartime Iraq tasked with determination and demilitarizing bombs in order to protect the local public. The Hurt Locker besides focuses on their battles and triumphs in Iraq and portrays the life of the armed forces. Not merely does the Hurt Locker have a good narrative, but this movie besides implements many movie techniques such as elements of mise en scene, superb filming, and redacting. I will speak about how â€Å"The Hurt Locker† deserves to be an Academy Award victor citing these elements of movie. The ground why this movie is considered to be a great movie is because of its accent on movie technique. One of the elements portrayed in this movie would be the incorporation of Mise en Scene. There are many illustrations of Mise- En -Scene used to make a sense of pragmatism in the movie. One I would depict the ocular manner would be farinaceous. Everything from the scene to the costumes were reliable plenty that it added to the pragmatism of movie. In the beginning of the movie, I would depict the histrions as your typical jarhead in war movies. As the movie progressed nevertheless, they became instead complex. Each character has their ain sense of values, some want to remain in Iraq and battle because they believe it ‘s the right thing to make while others, like James, the chief supporter, loves being a soldier and wants to remain in the pandemonium everlastingly. The location of the filmed in Jordan, which is located a few chinks off from the Iraqi boundary line. This helpe d created the pragmatism and atmosphere it needed for movie to be reliable as possible, which audiences love in war movies. The scene that implements elements of Mise-en-scene would be the opening sequence of the movie. The movie opens with the citation â€Å"The haste of conflict is a potent and deadly dependence, for war is a drug† . The sequence is portrayed as a docudrama movie, holding the camera act as if it were describing a narrative on the soldiers instead than traditionally movie a scene. The camera motions were unsmooth and visuals were farinaceous. The lighting in this sequence was realistic, utilizing frontal lighting to an country to make a natural environment and the colour of the scene was impersonal, which gave the feeling that they were shooting in a existent state of affairs. Bing able to utilize mise en scene to convey a film’s message, subject, and symbols is such an enchanting experience, particularly with the Hurt Locker. Achieving pragmatism, yo u are able to steer an audience towards cardinal narrative elements, and therefore holding a viewer’s such as me to the full engaged. We want to cognize what it will be like to be a soldier like James and this movie was able to take us into the action. This movie was able to make the feeling of wonder and suspense which adds to the many grounds why this movie is great. Filming are one of the many movie elements that contribute to this film’s success. To hold a scene to be more cliff-hanging, the manager incorporated different types of camera angles. The scenes that focuses a character on a personal degree, the framing would be tight and concise. The most occurring thing in the movie are bombs, this represents how the bad the universe is. The soldiers themselves can be described as the 1s who are morally good and are praised for it because they are considered the chief focal point of the movie. I noticed that green and orange was the reoccurring colour subject of the full movie. These colourss represents the correlativity between peace and pandemonium in the movie. Green represents the goodness that the soldiers are conveying into the war. Orange is suppose to stand for the pandemonium and force that war brings to an country. The camera was invariably near to the action, giving more suspense to it. The distance of the camera in the establishi ng shooting is a bit stray as it tries to demo every portion of a given location, which makes every scene dramatic and shoves off ocular beauty for harsh, honorable pragmatism. The movie was shot on-location, so existent sunshine and fluorescents were used as the film’s beginning of visible radiation. The best illustration of light contrast would be the scene where there was a monolithic detonation. The fire was able to supply the light beginning and it absolutely contrast with the pitch black dark. The supermarket scene would be the 1 that would be the most critical portion of full movie. This scene’s filming was absolutely coordinated to convey the hollowness of the James as a individual. It portrayed the contrast of the movie by demoing James ‘s interior struggle between his civilian life and his life in the military. James has become person who instead put on the line his life in the battleground than populating a normal life. The scene would be the focal point of contrast between the two universes. In Iraq, danger is everyplace, poorness is prevailing, every measure you take could be your last. Then the scene’s scene alterations and see James walking around a supermarket. The topographic point is filled with nutrient and fundamentally the antonym of what it’s like in Iraq. This contrast portrays these universes as wholly different things. Another things to portray a contrast between the two universes would be the usage of colour. In the parts wher e it shows James in Iraq, the colour of sand is used to represents the grittiness of his life in the military. Everything from the edifices to the uniforms, they all portion the same colour. On the other manus, the supermarket’s usage of colourss is your typical colour strategy of an mean shop in America. The colour differentiation was done deliberately for to correlate the flaxen colour pallet of Iraq to dirtiness and the white colour strategy of the supermarket is associated with cleanliness. Cuting from Iraq to America emphasizes the nature seeking to get by with life with war and returning to civilian life. This was done on intent to hold the audience feel confused. One minute James is speaking about how he loves his occupation and another where James is back place, seeking brand assimilate back into the normal of a civilian. Overall, what James had to travel through in the supermarket scene can associate to many soldiers who have been consumed by the horrors of combat. To them, seeking to set to the normal life is merely excessively difficult for them. The supermarket scene describes that experiencing absolutely. The techniques implemented were able to acquire into the emotional province of a war torn soldier who’s urgently seeking to populate a normal life. The feeling of being changed after emotionally intense events and experiencing disoriented were drawn with elaborate preciseness. James may be a ticking clip bomb waiting to go on, but I think many soldiers can associate to what he’s been through. Editing can be a elusive, but powerful tool that enable film makers with a overplus of movie determinations. Surprisingly, â€Å"The Hurt Locker† had small redacting done on the movie, possibly that it wanted content, instead than organize. Alternatively of doing any â€Å"fancy† redaction to the movie, maintaining it to a minimum really preserves the pragmatism of its message. It takes advantage of some really simple techniques. In most movies, if non all of them, the length of the cuts depends on the state of affairs of the scene. The tempo of this movie was normally slow. Whenever something dramatic or emotional is go oning, the continuance of the shootings lengthen, to extended proportions. An illustration of this would be the conversation between Sanborn and James after the failed effort of demilitarizing the bomb from a suicide bomber. Sanborn snaps stating that he can no longer cover with the emphasis of being a soldier. This scene was the most critical in specif ying two different characters. Lengthening the shooting helped give a sense of pragmatism to the scene. During the action scenes nevertheless, the gait of the movie quickens and the length of the shootings shorten. This creates the haste needed to maintain the audience invested into the movie. ( CONCLUSION ) The Hurt Locker is a really powerful movie that deserves all the congratulations received of being an Academy Award Winner. The message that war can be used as a drug and soldiers themselves can be addicted to it has been prevailing throughout the movie. This dependence has soldiers such as James to value war over anything else, including household. Personally thought the film’s subject was interesting because it focused on that impact a batch of people. The movie has a good sense of projecting world of what it is. It’s non the typical film where it creates an semblance of phantasy where when the movie is over, the audience returns to world.